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Dodging the “Doom Loop”: How Local Funding for Ohio’s Public Schools Might Be Protected Against a Decline in Commercial Property Values
How much would a potential decline in commercial property values affect funding for Ohio’s public schools? This District Data Brief takes a closer look.
SORCE Insights: Expected Impacts of Higher Tariffs and Changes to Immigration Policy
The Cleveland Fed’s Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE) administered in May 2025 asked respondents from across the Fourth District a set of special questions about the potential impacts of higher tariffs and changes to immigration policy on their businesses. This District Data Brief analyzes their responses.
Preliminary SORCE Insights: An Overview of Firms’ Capital Expenditure Plans and Inventories
The Cleveland Fed’s Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE) administered in August 2025 asked respondents from across the Fourth District a set of special questions regarding their planned capital expenditures and inventories. This District Data Brief discusses the top-line results from these questions.
SORCE Insights: Employment Conditions and Outlook for Fourth District Firms
The Cleveland Fed’s latest edition of the Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE), administered from October 30 to November 6, 2025, included a set of special questions focused on employment among Fourth District firms. This District Data Brief discusses the top-line results from these questions.
Report
Fourth District Almanac 2026
To explain how the regional economies within our District have evolved over more than a century, the Cleveland Fed's regional analysis group compiles and publishes the Fourth District Almanac. This publication offers a collection of charts and visualizations representing economic data covering the Fourth Federal Reserve District, which includes Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky, and the northern panhandle West Virginia.