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Ohio’s International Trade Relationships
This District Data Brief is part of a four-report series examining the international trade relationships of the US states that are either partially or entirely contained within the Fourth District of the Federal Reserve System: Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.
Kentucky’s International Trade Relationships
This District Data Brief is part of a four-report series examining the international trade relationships of the US states that are either partially or entirely contained within the Fourth District of the Federal Reserve System: Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.
Pennsylvania’s International Trade Relationships
This District Data Brief is part of a four-report series examining the international trade relationships of the US states that are either partially or entirely contained within the Fourth District of the Federal Reserve System: Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.
West Virginia’s International Trade Relationships
This District Data Brief is part of a four-report series examining the international trade relationships of the US states that are either partially or entirely contained within the Fourth District of the Federal Reserve System: Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.
SORCE Insights: The Relationship between Costs and Prices
Based on responses to the Cleveland Fed's Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE), this District Data Brief analyzes the relationship between expected changes in costs and prices among firms in the Fourth District, which covers Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky, and the northern panhandle of West Virginia.
Fourth District Business Response to COVID-19: Early Findings
The coronavirus outbreak has landed hard on economic activity in the Fourth Federal Reserve District. Businesses in the region, which encompasses Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky, and the northern panhandle of West Virginia, are experiencing many challenges—a sharp pullback in demand, the need to furlough workers and shutter factories, and a cloud of uncertainty hanging over their outlooks for recovery.
COVID-19 and Supply Chains: A Year of Evolving Disruption
The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland regularly surveys a broad cross-section of businesses in the region it serves and convenes business advisory councils in eight of the region’s major metropolitan areas. The information collected through these surveys and conversations points to trends that are not yet apparent in the data and fills gaps in researchers’ understanding of our region’s economy. The information is helpful to Federal Reserve policymakers during their discussions about the nation’s monetary policy. Anecdotes herein have been edited for length and clarity.
Strong Demand, Limited Supply, and Rising Prices: The Economics of Pandemic-Era Housing
The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland regularly surveys a broad cross-section of businesses in the region it serves and convenes business advisory councils in eight of the region’s major metropolitan areas. The information collected through these surveys and conversations points to trends that are not yet apparent in the data and fills gaps in researchers’ understanding of our region’s economy. The information is helpful to Federal Reserve policymakers during their discussions about the nation’s monetary policy. Anecdotes herein have been edited for length and clarity.
Disruptions Are Expected to Persist, Prompting Some Firms to Rethink Supply Chain Management
Despite business leaders’ expectations that supply chain challenges would have subsided by now, supply chains remain disrupted, in some cases to an even greater degree than earlier in the pandemic. The sources of the disruption reportedly vary from firm to firm and product to product, and they also change from week to week, but business contacts and analysts have argued that limited labor supply, port congestion1 and other transportation bottlenecks, and strong demand for goods each play a role.
How Many Federal Dollars Authorized under Recent Legislation Are Likely to Be Spent in Fourth District States?
Recent legislation such as the American Rescue Plan Act has authorized increased federal spending over the coming years. This District Data Brief analyzes available data to estimate how much this legislation will boost federal spending in Fourth District states.