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Bank:Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia 

Journal Article
Activist monetary policy for good or evil? The new Keynesians vs. the new Classicals

Business Review , Issue Mar , Pages 17-25

Journal Article
A Perspective on the Community Reinvestment Act

This year marks the 40th anniversary of the passage of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). The CRA placed an affirmative obligation on banks and thrifts to provide credit in the communities in which they serve, particularly in low- and moderate-income (LMI) neighborhoods. Indeed, there is evidence that the CRA has made important contributions in bringing capital into these communities
Cascade , Volume 2

Working Paper
On the aggregate welfare cost of Great Depression unemployment

The potential benefit of policies that eliminate a small likelihood of economic crises is calculated. An economic crisis is defined as an increase in unemployment of the magnitude observed during the Great Depression. For the U.S., the maximum-likelihood estimate of entering a depression is found to be about once every 83 years. The welfare gain from setting this small probability to zero can range between 1 and 7 percent of annual consumption in perpetuity. For most estimates, more than half of these large gains result from a reduction in individual consumption volatility. ; This paper ...
Working Papers , Paper 06-18

Working Paper
Bayesian Estimation and Comparison of Conditional Moment Models

We provide a Bayesian analysis of models in which the unknown distribution of the outcomes is speci?ed up to a set of conditional moment restrictions. This analysis is based on the nonparametric exponentially tilted empirical likelihood (ETEL) function, which is constructed to satisfy a sequence of unconditional moments, obtained from the conditional moments by an increasing (in sample size) vector of approximating functions (such as tensor splines based on the splines of each conditioning variable). The posterior distribution is shown to satisfy the Bernstein-von Mises theorem, subject to a ...
Working Papers , Paper 19-51

Working Paper
Has COVID Reversed Gentrification in Major U.S. Cities? An Empirical Examination of Residential Mobility in Gentrifying Neighborhoods During the COVID-19 Crisis

This paper examines whether neighborhoods that had been gentrifying lost their appeal during the pandemic because of COVID-induced health risks and increased work-from-home arrangements. By following the mobility pattern of residents in gentrifying neighborhoods in 39 major U.S. cities, we note a larger increase of 1.2 percentage points in the outmigration rate from gentrifying neighborhoods by the end of 2021, relative to nongentrifying ones, with out-of-city moves accounting for over 71 percent of the increased flight. The share of out-of-city moves into gentrifying neighborhoods also ...
Working Papers , Paper 22-20

Journal Article
Just How Important Are New Businesses?

New businesses are major job generators, so disappointing trends in firm formation have raised concern. Thorsten Drautzburg discusses why at least some of the worry might be misplaced.
Economic Insights , Volume 1 , Issue 4 , Pages 1-7

Working Paper
A quality and risk-adjusted cost function for banks: evidence on the \" too-big-to-fail\" doctrine

Working Papers , Paper 91-21

Working Paper
The importance of the tax system in determining the marginal cost of funds

Working Papers , Paper 94-7

Working Paper
Identification Through Sparsity in Factor Models

Factor models are generally subject to a rotational indeterminacy, meaning that individual factors are only identified up to a rotation. In the presence of local factors, which only affect a subset of the outcomes, we show that the implied sparsity of the loading matrix can be used to solve this rotational indeterminacy. We further prove that a rotation criterion based on the 1-norm of the loading matrix can be used to achieve identification even under approximate sparsity in the loading matrix. This enables us to consistently estimate individual factors, and to interpret them as structural ...
Working Papers , Paper 20-25

Journal Article
From centralization to deconcentration: economic activity spreads out

Business Review , Issue May/Jun , Pages 15-25

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