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Report
Reserves Were Not So Ample After All
The Federal Reserve's “balance-sheet normalization,” which reduced aggregate reserves between 2017 and September 2019, increased repo rate distortions, the severity of rate spikes, and intraday payment timing stresses, culminating with a significant disruption in Treasury repo markets in mid-September 2019. We show that repo rates rose above efficient-market levels when the total reserve balances held at the Federal Reserve by the largest repo-active bank holding companies declined and that repo rate spikes are strongly associated with delayed intraday payments of reserves to these large ...
Discussion Paper
What Quantity of Reserves Is Sufficient?
A concern of the Federal Reserve is how to manage its balance sheet and whether, over the long run, the balance sheet should be small or large. In this post, we highlight results from a recent paper in which we show how, even during a period of “ample” reserves, the Fed’s management of its balance sheet had material impacts on funding markets and especially the repo market. We argue that the Fed’s “balance-sheet normalization” from March 2017 to September 2019—under which aggregate reserves declined by more than $950 billion—combined with post-crisis liquidity regulations, ...
Speech
The role of the New York Fed as administrator and producer of reference rates: remarks at the Annual Primary Dealer Meeting, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York City
Remarks at the Annual Primary Dealer Meeting, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York City.
Speech
Money Markets and the Federal Funds Rate: The Path Forward
Remarks at the MFA Outlook 2019, New York City.
Journal Article
Balance Sheet Normalization: Monitoring Quantities and Prices
Central bank policymakers watch the spread between “repo” rates and the interest rate on reserve balances to gauge financial market stress and guide balance sheet normalization.