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Speech
The outlook for the U.S. economy in 2018 and beyond: remarks at the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, New York City
Dudley, William (2018-01-11)
Remarks at the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, New York City.
Speech , Paper 271

Speech
Remarks at the Economic Press Briefing on the Regional Economy, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York City
Dudley, William (2017-08-10)
Remarks at the Economic Press Briefing on the Regional Economy, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York City.
Speech , Paper 252

Working Paper
Because of Monopolies, Income Inequality Significantly Understates Economic Inequality
Schmitz, James A. (2021-03-09)
In social science research, household income is widely used as a stand-in for, or approximation to, the economic well-being of households. In a parallel way, income-inequality has been employed as a stand-in for inequality of economic well-being, or for brevity, "economic-inequality." But there is a force in market economies, ones with extensive amounts of monopoly, like the United States, which leads income-inequality to understate economic-inequality. This force has not been recognized before and derives from how monopolies behave. Monopolies, of course, raise prices. This reduces the ...
Working Papers , Paper 777

Working Paper
The Rise and Fall of Consumption in the 2000s
Demyanyk, Yuliya; Hryshko, Dmytro; Sorensen, Bent E.; Luengo-Prado, Maria Jose (2015-05-21)
U.S. consumption has gone through steep ups and downs since the turn of the millennium, but the causes of these fluctuations are still imperfectly identified. We quantify the relative impact on consumption growth of income, unemployment, house prices, credit scores, debt, expectations, foreclosures, inequality, and refinancings for four subperiods: the ?dot-com recession? (2001-2003), the ?subprime boom? (2004-2006), the Great Recession (2007-2009), and the ?tepid recovery? (2010-2012). We document that the explanatory power of different factors varies by subperiods, implying that a ...
Working Papers (Old Series) , Paper 1507

Briefing
How Can We Make a Progressive Tax System More Efficient?
Karabarbounis, Marios (2024-08)
In the U.S., income tax rates rise as households earn more. However, such a system means workers have a reduced incentive to increase their earnings. In this article, I discuss a finding from one of my papers that explores the possible effects of targeting tax rates on additional characteristics besides income.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief , Volume 24 , Issue 26

Working Paper
Has income inequality or media fragmentation increased political polarization?
Saving, Jason L.; Duca, John V. (2012)
The increasing polarization of Congressional voting patterns has been attributed to factors including generational shifts, economic conditions, increased media fragmentation, and greater income inequality. The first of these factors is difficult to test with time series data owing to the low frequency of generational shifts, while the tendency of business cycles to reverse suggests that economic cycles are unable to account for long-term shifts in polarization. This leaves two main possible long-run drivers: the increasingly fragmented state of American media as stressed by Prior (2005, 2007) ...
Working Papers , Paper 1206

Working Paper
Optimal Income Taxation: An Urban Economics Perspective
Huggett, Mark; Luo, Wenlan (2021-07-23)
We derive an optimal labor income tax rate formula for urban models in which tax rates are determined by traditional forces plus a new term arising from urban forces: house price, migration and agglomeration effects. Based on the earnings distributions and housing costs in large and small US cities, we find that in a benchmark model (i) optimal income tax rates are U-shaped, (ii) urban forces serve to raise optimal tax rates at all income levels and (iii) adopting an optimal tax system induces agents with low skills to leave large, productive cities. While agglomeration effects enter the ...
Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers , Paper 51

Report
An Assignment Model of Knowledge Diffusion and Income Inequality
Luttmer, Erzo G. J. (2015-03-27)
Randomness in individual discovery disperses productivities, whereas learning from others keeps productivities together. Long-run growth and persistent earnings inequality emerge when these two mechanisms for knowledge accumulation are combined. This paper considers an economy in which those with more useful knowledge can teach others, with competitive markets assigning students to teachers. In equilibrium, students with an ability to learn quickly are assigned to teachers with the most productive knowledge. This sorting on ability implies large differences in earnings distributions ...
Staff Report , Paper 509

Working Paper
Does inequality cause financial distress? Evidence from lottery winners and neighboring bankruptcies
Agarwal, Sumit; Scholnick, Barry; Mikhed, Vyacheslav (2016-02-11)
Revised Oct 2016. We test the hypothesis that income inequality causes financial distress. To identify the effect of income inequality, we examine lottery prizes of random dollar magnitudes in the context of very small neighborhoods (13 households on average). We find that a C$1,000 increase in the lottery prize causes a 2.4% rise in subsequent bankruptcies among the winners? close neighbors. We also provide evidence of conspicuous consumption as a mechanism for this causal relationship. The size of lottery prizes increases the value of visible assets (houses, cars, motorcycles), but not ...
Working Papers , Paper 16-4

Journal Article
Capital Flow Surges and Rising Income Inequality
Diwan, Renuka; Liu, Zheng; Spiegel, Mark M. (2021-03-29)
Surges of foreign investment into developing countries can amplify economic stress and potentially undermine their financial stability. New evidence suggests that excessive foreign capital inflows can also increase income inequality in emerging economies. Research shows that, as low global interest rates trigger more investment, those inflow surges benefit entrepreneurs by raising their returns, while lowering household earnings on bank deposits within the countries. The potential impact on income inequality provides another reason beyond financial stability for resisting abrupt surges in ...
FRBSF Economic Letter , Volume 2021 , Issue 09 , Pages 01-05

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