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Journal Article
Has AI Improved Productivity?
Yeager, Emma (2018-10)
Research Spotlight on "Does Machine Translation Affect International Trade? Evidence from a Large Digital Platform." Erik Brynjolfsson, Xiang Hui, and Meng Liu. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 24917, August 2018.
Econ Focus , Issue 4Q , Pages 07-07

Discussion Paper
AI and the Labor Market: Will Firms Hire, Fire, or Retrain?
Abel, Jaison R.; Deitz, Richard; Emanuel, Natalia; Hyman, Benjamin (2024-09-04)
The rapid rise in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to dramatically change the labor market, and indeed possibly even the nature of work itself. However, how firms are adjusting their workforces to accommodate this emerging technology is not yet clear. Our August regional business surveys asked manufacturing and service firms special topical questions about their use of AI, and how it is changing their workforces. Most firms that report expected AI use in the next six months plan to retrain their workforces, with far fewer reporting adjustments to planned headcounts.
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20240904b

Journal Article
Federal Reserve: Artificial Intelligence and Bank Supervision
Mullin, John (2023-04)
Artificial intelligence has come a long way since English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer Alan Turing's seminal 1950 essay, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," which explored the idea of building computers capable of imitating human thought. In 1997, almost 50 years after Turing's essay, AI posted a historic breakthrough when the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue won a chess match against reigning world champion Garry Kasparov. Since then, AI's capabilities have improved rapidly, largely through advances in machine learning (ML), especially in ML models that use digital neural ...
Econ Focus , Volume 23 , Issue 2Q , Pages 8-11

Journal Article
New from the Richmond Fed’s Regional Matters blog
Mullen, Katrina (2024-08-13)
Econ Focus , Volume 24 , Issue 3Q , Pages 2

Journal Article
Interview: Daron Acemoglu
Price, David (2023-04)
Daron Acemoglu is one of MIT's nine university- wide Institute Professors, the university's highest faculty rank. One of his predecessors, Robert Solow, developed a pathbreaking mathematical model of economic growth in the 1950s. Today, Acemoglu says hurray for economic growth — but is also concerned that choices made by policymakers and companies are channeling the gains from that growth away from workers. And as he sees things, the powerful AI technologies that have come to the fore in the past several years, embedded in products such as ChatGPT, should be regulated with the economic ...
Econ Focus , Volume 23 , Issue 2Q , Pages 22-26

Journal Article
Opinion: Artificial Intelligence: Potentials and Prospects
Wang, Zhu (2024-08-13)
We are at the dawn of a new technological revolution. The recent development of artificial intelligence (AI), especially the emergence of generative AI, has offered a plausible future in which machines will eventually free humans from a wide range of cognitive tasks, unleashing vast creativity and productivity gains.
Econ Focus , Volume 24 , Issue 3Q , Pages 32

Discussion Paper
By Degree(s): Measuring Employer Demand for AI Skills by Educational Requirements
Galeano, Sergio; Hodge, Nye; Ruder, Alexander (2025-05-21)
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has prompted widespread interest and discussion about its potential to transform the labor market. For workforce development practitioners, a key issue is how AI is changing the nature of work, mainly through changes in the skills workers need to be competitive for the jobs of today and of the future. In this Workforce Currents, we explore the growth of employer demand for AI skills in online job postings data between 2010 and 2024. Lightcast, a labor analytics firm, provides job postings data that includes several useful features of ...
Workforce Currents , Paper 2025-01

Journal Article
Machine Learning a Ramsey Plan
Sargent, Thomas J.; Yang, Ziyue (2025-05-12)
We use a Python program to calculate a pair of infinite sequences of money creation and price level inflation rates that maximize a benevolent time 0 government’s quadratic objective function for a linear-quadratic version of Calvo (1978). The program computes an open-loop representation of the optimal plan and an associated monotonically declining, bounded from below sequence of continuation values whose limit is a worst continuation value that is associated with a “timeless perspective”. We run some least squares regressions on fake data to try to learn about the structure of the ...
Quarterly Review , Volume 45 , Issue 1

Working Paper
Research in Commotion: Measuring AI Research and Development through Conference Call Transcripts
Soto, Paul E. (2025-02-12)
This paper introduces a novel measure of firm-level Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research & Development—the AIR Index—derived from the semantic similarity between earnings conference call transcripts and leading AI research papers. The AIR Index varies widely across industries, with sustained strength in computer and electronic manufacturing, and accelerating growth in computing infrastructure and educational services seen after the introduction of ChatGPT in November 2022. I find that the AIR Index is associated with an immediate increase in Tobin’s Q and can help explain the ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2025-011

Journal Article
New disruption from artificial intelligence exposes high-skilled workers
Pranger, Ana; Su, Yichen (2023-11-29)
With workers still grappling with the consequences of automation, the lightning-speed pace of artificial intelligence (AI) development poses fresh concerns of a new wave of worker displacement.
Southwest Economy

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