Working Paper
Off-farm labor supply and fertilizer use
Lamb, Russell L. (1996)
I develop a two-period stochastic dynamic programming model to explain the interaction between fertilizer use and off-farm labor supply. Using a well-known sample of Indian farmers, I find that fertilizer use responds strongly to the village wage and that irrigation raises fertilizer use, while larger farmers use less fertilizer (per acre) than smaller ones. Response to one-sided production shocks, is stronger for female labor, indicating that it is more important for smoothing consumption than male labor.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 1996-49

Journal Article
Rolling the ICE dice
Cobb, Kathy (2007-11)
Immigrant workers play a key role in district labor markets, and employers and workers alike walk a legal tightrope.
Fedgazette , Volume 19 , Issue Nov , Pages 17-19

Working Paper
Labor choices of farm families: substitutes, complements and simultaneous decision making
Smith, Hilary H. (1987)
Working Papers , Paper 8708

Journal Article
President's perspective
Fisher, Richard W. (2006-07)
Southwest Economy , Issue Jul , Pages 2

Journal Article
Saving the family farm, but from what?
Wirtz, Ronald A. (1999-10)
Fedgazette , Volume 11 , Issue Oct , Pages 6-7

Journal Article
Some Segments of the Agricultural Economy Are Particularly Sensitive to Changes in the Foreign-Born Farm Labor Supply
Hill, Alexandra; Scott, Francisco (2025-06-30)
For years, many segments of the U.S. agriculture sector have relied on foreign-born and undocumented workers to meet labor demand in farm operations. While farm operators may be able to partly reduce this reliance through investments in machinery and further hiring through the agricultural guest worker visa program, these alternatives would take time to deploy and could substantially increase costs.
Economic Bulletin

Journal Article
The toilers
Burke, William (1975)
FRBSF Economic Letter