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GDP Solera: The Ideal Vintage Mix
Almuzara, Martín; Amengual, Dante; Fiorentini, Gabriele; Sentana, Enrique
(2022-08-01)
We exploit the information in the successive vintages of gross domestic expenditure (GDE) and gross domestic income (GDI) from the current comprehensive revision to obtain an improved, timely measure of U.S. aggregate output by exploiting cointegration between the different measures and taking their monthly release calendar seriously. We also combine all existing overlapping comprehensive revisions to achieve further improvements. We pay particular attention to the Great Recession and the pandemic, which, despite producing dramatic fluctuations, does not generate noticeable revisions in ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 1027
Report
Measuring Real Activity Using a Weekly Economic Index
Mertens, Karel; Trivedi, Mihir; Lewis, Daniel J.; Stock, James H.
(2020-04-01)
This paper describes a weekly economic index (WEI) developed to track the rapid economic developments associated with the onset of and policy response to the novel coronavirus in the United States. The WEI is a weekly composite index of real economic activity, with eight of ten series available the Thursday after the end of the reference week. In addition to being a weekly real activity index, the WEI has strong predictive power for output measures and provided an accurate nowcast of current-quarter GDP growth in the first half of 2020. We document how the WEI responded to key events and data ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 920
Working Paper
Communicating Data Uncertainty: Multi-Wave Experimental Evidence for UK GDP
Galvão, Ana B.; Mitchell, James
(2021-12-23)
Economic statistics are commonly published without any explicit indication of their uncertainty. To assess if and how the UK public interprets and understands data uncertainty, we conduct two waves of a randomized controlled online experiment. A control group is presented with the headline point estimate of GDP, as emphasized by the statistical office. Treatment groups are then presented with alternative qualitative and quantitative communications of GDP data uncertainty. We find that most of the public understands that uncertainty is inherent in official GDP numbers. But communicating ...
Working Papers
, Paper 21-28
Working Paper
Are Revisions to State-Level GDP Data in the US Well Behaved?
Mitchell, James; Shiroff, Taylor
(2025-04-22)
No, first estimates of state GDP growth are not rational forecasts, except for Georgia. Revisions to first estimates of state-level GDP growth tend to be biased, large, and/or predictable using information known at the time of the first estimate.
Working Papers
, Paper 25-11
Working Paper
Expanded GDP for Welfare Measurement in the 21st Century
Nakamura, Leonard I.; Hulten, Charles R.
(2020-03-09)
The information revolution currently underway has changed the economy in ways that are hard to measure using conventional GDP procedures. The information available to consumers has increased dramatically as a result of the Internet and its applications, and new mobile communication devices have greatly increased the speed and reach of its accessibility. An individual now has an unprecedented amount of information on which to base consumption choices, and the “free” nature of the information provided means that the resulting benefits largely bypass GDP and accrue directly to consumers. ...
Working Papers
, Paper 20-10
Working Paper
Measuring Real Activity Using a Weekly Economic Index
Mertens, Karel; Trivedi, Mihir; Lewis, Daniel J.; Stock, James H.
(2021-03-02)
This paper describes a weekly economic index (WEI) developed to track the rapid economic developments associated with the onset of and policy response to the novel coronavirus in the United States. The WEI is a weekly composite index of real economic activity, with eight of 10 series available the Thursday after the end of the reference week. In addition to being a weekly real activity index, the WEI has strong predictive power for output measures and provided an accurate nowcast of current-quarter GDP growth in the first half of 2020, with weaker performance in the second half. We document ...
Working Papers
, Paper 2011
Working Paper
The Digital Economy and Productivity
Byrne, David M.
(2022-06-17)
After reviewing the state of digitalization---the use of digital information technology (IT) throughout the economy---we consider the slippery concept of a distinct digital economy and efforts to record it in national accounts. We then anchor the digital economy in a growth accounting framework, augmenting the conventional measure of the IT contribution to productivity---innovation in the production of IT capital plus labor-saving use of IT throughout the economy---with the contribution from the digital platforms that help users navigate the sprawling information landscape. We discuss the ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2022-038
Working Paper
The Long-Run Effects of Monetary Policy
Singh, Sanjay R.; Taylor, Alan M.; Jordà, Òscar
(2020-01-16)
Is the effect of monetary policy on the productive capacity of the economy long lived? Yes, in fact we find such impacts are significant and last for over a decade based on: (1) merged data from two new international historical databases; (2) identification of exogenous monetary policy using the macroeconomic trilemma; and (3) improved econometric methods. Notably, the capital stock and total factor productivity (TFP) exhibit hysteresis, but labor does not. Money is non-neutral for a much longer period of time than is customarily assumed. A New Keynesian model with endogenous TFP growth can ...
Working Paper Series
, Paper 2020-01
Working Paper
Granular Income Inequality and Mobility using IDDA: Exploring Patterns across Race and Ethnicity
Kondo, Illenin O.; Rinz, Kevin; Gubbay, Natalie; Hawkins, Brandon; Voorheis, John; Wozniak, Abigail
(2024-07-19)
We explore the evolution of income inequality and mobility in the U.S. for a large number of subnational groups defined by race and ethnicity, using granular statistics describing income distributions, income mobility, and conditional income growth derived from the universe of tax filers and W-2 recipients that we observe over a two-decade period (1998–2019). We find that income inequality and income growth patterns identified from administrative tax records differ in important ways from those that one might identify in public survey sources. The full set of statistics that we construct is ...
Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers
, Paper 095
Working Paper
Offshore Profit Shifting and Domestic Productivity Measurement
Guvenen, Fatih; Mataloni Jr., Raymond J.; Rassier, Dylan G.; Ruhl, Kim J.
(2018-04-24)
Official statistics display a significant slowdown in U.S. aggregate productivity growth that begins in 2004. We show how offshore profit shifting by U.S. multinational enterprises affects GDP and, thus, productivity measurement. Under international statistical guidelines, profit shifting causes part of U.S. production generated by multinationals to be excluded from official measures of U.S. production. Profit shifting has increased significantly since the mid-1990s, resulting in lower measures of U.S. aggregate productivity growth. We construct an alternative measure of value added that ...
Working Papers
, Paper 751
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