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Fiscal Austerity during Debt Crises
Bai, Yan; Arellano, Cristina (2016-01-26)
This paper constructs a dynamic model in which fiscal restrictions interact with government borrowing and default. The government faces fiscal constraints; it cannot adjust tax rates or impose lump-sum taxes on the private sector, but it can adjust public consumption and foreign debt. When foreign debt is sufficiently high, however, the government can choose to default to increase domestic public and private consumption by freeing up the resources used to pay the debt. Two types of defaults arise in this environment: fiscal defaults and aggregate defaults. Fiscal defaults occur because of the ...
Staff Report , Paper 525

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Public trust and government betrayal
Phelan, Christopher (2001)
This paper presents a simple model of government reputation which captures two characteristics of policy outcomes in less developed countries: governments which betray public trust do so erratically, and, after a betrayal, public trust is regained only gradually.
Staff Report , Paper 283

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How to use econometric models to forecast
Supel, Thomas M. (1975)
Staff Report , Paper 12

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Informational Rigidities and the Stickiness of Temporary Sales
Simester, Duncan; Anderson, Eric; Steinsson, Jon; Malin, Benjamin A.; Nakamura, Emi (2015-06-25)
We use unique price data to study how retailers react to underlying cost changes. Temporary sales account for 95% of price changes in our data. Simple models would, therefore, suggest that temporary sales play a central role in price responses to cost shocks. We find, however, that, in response to a wholesale cost increase, the entire increase in retail prices comes through regular price increases. Sales actually respond temporarily in the opposite direction from regular prices, as though to conceal the price hike. Additional evidence from responses to commodity cost and local unemployment ...
Staff Report , Paper 513

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Jacks of All Trades and Masters of One: Declining Search Frictions and Unequal Growth
Menzio, Guido; Martellini, Paolo (2020-09-23)
Declining search frictions generate productivity growth by allowing workers to find jobs for which they are better suited. The return of declining search frictions on productivity varies across different types of workers. For workers who are "jacks of all trades" in the sense that their productivity is nearly independent from the distance between their skills and the requirements of their job—declining search frictions lead to minimal productivity growth. For workers who are "masters of one trade" in the sense that their productivity is very sensitive to the gap between their individual ...
Staff Report , Paper 613

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Theory ahead of business cycle measurement
Prescott, Edward C. (1986)
Recent developments in business cycle theory are reviewed. The principal finding is that the growth model, which was developed to account for the secular patterns in important economic aggregates, displays the business cycle phenomena once it incorporates the observed randomness in the rate of technological advance. The amplitudes and serial correlation properties of fluctuations in output and employment that the growth model predicts match those historically experienced in the United States. Further, the model continues to display the growth facts it was developed to explain.
Staff Report , Paper 102

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Costly information and the stock market
Bryant, John (1980)
In a simple, coherent, general equilibrium model it is demonstrated why stock market prices do not reflect costly but socially useless information.
Staff Report , Paper 53

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The market for OTC derivatives
Eisfeldt, Andrea L.; Atkeson, Andrew; Weill, Pierre-Olivier (2013)
We develop a model of equilibrium entry, trade, and price formation in over-the-counter (OTC) markets. Banks trade derivatives to share an aggregate risk subject to two trading frictions: they must pay a fixed entry cost, and they must limit the size of the positions taken by their traders because of risk-management concerns. Although all banks in our model are endowed with access to the same trading technology, some large banks endogenously arise as ?dealers,? trading mainly to provide intermediation services, while medium sized banks endogenously participate as ?customers? mainly to share ...
Staff Report , Paper 479

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Trade theory and trade facts
Kehoe, Timothy J.; Bergoeing, Raphael (2001)
This paper quantitatively tests the ?new trade theory? based on product differentiation, increasing returns, and imperfect competition. We employ a standard model, which allows both changes in the distribution of income among industrialized countries, emphasized by Helpman and Krugman (1985), and nonhomothetic preferences, emphasized by Markusen (1986), to effect trade directions and volumes. In addition, we generalize the model to allow changes in relative prices to have large effects. We test the model by calibrating it to 1990 data and then ?backcasting? to 1961 to see what changes in ...
Staff Report , Paper 284

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Minimax-Nash
Bryant, John (1979)
An alternative solution concept is recommended for noncooperative games with multiple equilibra. Players maximize security level in a contracted game. Examples in economics are given in which this solution concept yields a unique solution: a fiat money model, the capital overaccumulation problem, and multiple rational expectations equilibria generally.
Staff Report , Paper 52

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