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Working Paper
The case of the undying debt
Velde, Francois R. (2009)
The French government currently honors a very unusual debt contract: an annuity that was issued in 1738 and currently yields ?1.20 per year. I tell the story of this unique debt, which serves as an anecdotal but symbolic summary of French public finances since the 18th century.
Working Paper Series , Paper WP-09-12

Working Paper
Platform competition in two-sided markets: the case of payment networks
Chakravorti, Sujit; Roson, Roberto (2004)
In this article, we construct a model to study competing payment networks, where networks offer differentiated products in terms of benefits to consumers and merchants. We study market equilibria for a variety of market structures: duopolistic competition and cartel, symmetric and asymmetric networks, and alternative assumptions about multihoming and consumer preferences. We find that competition unambiguously increases consumer and merchant welfare. We extend this analysis to competition among payment networks providing different payment instruments and find similar results.
Working Paper Series , Paper WP-04-09

Working Paper
Escaping the Great Recession
Melosi, Leonardo; Bianchi, Francesco (2014-08-01)
While high uncertainty is an inherent implication of the economy entering the zero lower bound, deflation is not, because agents are likely to be uncertain about the way policymakers will deal with the large stock of debt arising from a severe recession. We draw this conclusion based on a new-Keynesian model in which the monetary/fiscal policy mix can change over time and zero-lower-bound episodes are recurrent. Given that policymakers? behavior is constrained at the zero lower bound, beliefs about the exit strategy play a key role. Announcing a period of austerity is detrimental in the short ...
Working Paper Series , Paper WP-2014-17

Working Paper
The Bronx is Burning: Urban Disinvestment Effects of the Fair Access to Insurance Requirements
Ellen, Ingrid Gould; Hartley, Daniel; Lin, Jeffrey; You, Wei (2024-12-16)
In response to private insurers’ postwar withdrawal from urban neighborhoods, roughly half of U.S. states developed programs in the late 1960s that offered residual property insurance to property owners denied in the private market. These plans, known as Fair Access to Insurance Requirements (FAIR) plans after 1968, inadvertently encouraged moral hazard through underwriting restrictions, risk pooling, and generous payouts. We use a triple-difference design to estimate FAIR’s impact, comparing: (1) pre- and post-FAIR participation periods, (2) neighborhoods likely offered FAIR plans versus ...
Working Paper Series , Paper WP 2024-25

Working Paper
Should central banks lean against changes in asset prices?
Leduc, Sylvain; Natal, Jean-Marc (2011)
How should monetary policy be conducted in the presence of endogenous feedback loops between asset prices, firms? financial health, and economic activity? We reconsider this question in the context of the financial accelerator model and show that, when the level of natural output is inefficient, the optimal monetary policy under commitment leans considerably against movements in asset prices and risk premia. We demonstrate that an endogenous feedback loop is crucial for this result and that price stability is otherwise quasi-optimal absent this feature. We also show that the optimal policy ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2011-15

Working Paper
Tradability, Productivity, and Understanding International Economic Integration
Bergin, Paul R.; Glick, Reuven (2005-09-01)
This paper develops a two-country macro model with endogenous tradability to study features of international economic integration. Recent episodes of integration in Europe and North America suggest some surprising observations: while quantities of trade have increased significantly, especially along the extensive margin of goods previously not traded, price dispersion has not decreased and may even have increased. These observations challenge the usual understanding of integration in the literature. We propose a way of reconciling these price and quantity observations in a macroeconomic model ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2005-13

Working Paper
Turbulent Business Cycles
Dong, Ding; Wang, Pengfei; Liu, Zheng (2025-02-26)
Firm-level evidence suggests that turbulence that reshuffles firms’ productivity rankings rises sharply in recessions. An increase in turbulence reallocates labor and capital from high- to low-productivity firms, reducing aggregate TFP and the stock market value of firms. A real business cycle model with heterogeneous firms and financial frictions can generate the observed macroeconomic and reallocation effects of turbulence. In the model, increased turbulence makes high-productivity firms less likely to remain productive, reducing their expected equity values and tightening their borrowing ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2021-22

Working Paper
Did adhering to the gold standard reduce the cost of capital?
Chabot, Benjamin; Alquist, Ron (2010)
A commonly cited benefit of the pre-World War One gold standard is that it reduced the cost of international borrowing by signaling a country?s commitment to financial probity. Using a newly constructed data set that consists of more than 55,000 monthly sovereign bond returns, we test if gold-standard adherence was negatively correlated with the cost of capital. Conditional on UK risk factors, we find no evidence that the bonds issued by countries off gold earned systematically higher excess returns than the bonds issued by countries on gold. Our results are robust to allowing betas to differ ...
Working Paper Series , Paper WP-2010-13

Working Paper
Optimal Financial Contracting and the Effects of Firm’s Size
Villa, Alessandro; Brusco, Sandro; Lopomo, Giuseppe; Ropero, Eva (2020-07)
We consider the design of the optimal dynamic policy for a firm subject to moral hazard problems. With respect to the existing literature we enrich the model by introducing durable capital with partial irreversibility, which makes the size of the firm a state variable. This allows us to analyze the role of firm’s size, separately from age and financial structure. We show that a higher level of capital decreases the probability of liquidation and increases the future size of the firm. Althoughanalytical results are not available, we show through simulations that, conditional on size, the ...
Working Paper Series , Paper WP 2024-18

Working Paper
International Transmission of Japanese Monetary Shocks Under Low and Negative Interest Rates: A Global Favar Approach
Tai, Andrew; Spiegel, Mark M. (2017-02-28)
We examine the implications of Japanese monetary shocks under recent very low and sometimes negative interest rates to the Japanese economy as well as three of its major trading partners: Korea, China and the United States. We follow the literature in using movements in 2-year Japanese government bond rates as proxies for changes in monetary conditions in the neighborhood of the zero lower bound. We examine the implications of shocks to the 2-year rate in a series of factor-augmented vector autoregressive?or FAVAR?models, in which both local and global conditions are proxied by latent factors ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2017-8

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