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Journal Article
Why Are Americans Saving So Much of Their Income?
Smith, Andrew Lee (2020-12-04)
For much of 2020, Americans have saved a greater share of their income than ever before. This increase in savings appears to be predominantly driven by precautionary motives. Therefore, consumers may be reluctant to draw down these savings in the future to support spending.
Economic Bulletin

Journal Article
Cost of Childcare Increasingly Weighs on Labor Force Engagement
McCoy, John (2024-10-09)
Problems attaining childcare have weighed on workers’ engagement in the labor force for some time. Afew years ago, pandemic disruptions were the primary culprit in the lower consumption of childcareservices. Now, the rising cost of childcare may be to blame. As wage growth moderates, higher childcarecosts could place added pressure on households and cause some workers to at least partially disengagefrom the workforce.
Economic Bulletin

Journal Article
Marijuana Industry Has Boosted Economic Activity in the Tenth Federal Reserve District
Shampine, Samantha; Felix, Alison (2022-10-06)
Since Colorado became the first state to open recreational marijuana stores in January 2014, the marijuana industry has expanded across the nation and to other states in the Tenth Federal Reserve District, including Missouri, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. Within the Tenth District, this expansion has increased commercial real estate demand and tax revenues and created jobs, but has also presented challenges for the industry and local communities.
Economic Bulletin , Issue October 6, 2022 , Pages 4

Journal Article
KC Fed LMCI Implies the Labor Market Is Closer to a Full Recovery than the Unemployment Rate Alone Suggests
Glover, Andrew; Mustre-del-Rio, Jose; Pollard, Emily (2021-10-19)
By consolidating information from a broad range of labor market variables, the Kansas City Fed Labor Market Conditions Indicators (LMCI) provide a consistent gauge of labor market tightness. Adjusting the unemployment rate to incorporate information from the LMCI suggests the labor market is closer to a full recovery than the unemployment rate alone implies.
Economic Bulletin , Issue October 19, 2021 , Pages 3

Journal Article
The KC Fed LMCI Momentum Indicator Suggests Monetary Policy Is Beginning to Weigh on Labor Markets
Pollard, Emily; Mustre-del-Rio, Jose (2023-02-03)
The Federal Open Market Committee has been quickly raising the federal funds rate to lower inflation. However, services inflation remains high, supported by a tight labor market with high wage growth. Recent readings in the LMCI momentum indicator suggest monetary policy tightening is beginning to weigh on labor markets, which may eventually lead to lower services inflation and lower inflation overall.
Economic Bulletin , Issue February 3rd, 2023 , Pages 4

Journal Article
Banks’ Commercial Real Estate Risks Are Uneven
Pandolfo, Jordan; Marsh, W. Blake (2024-04-18)
Investors have been acutely attuned to commercial real estate (CRE) risks recently due to higher interest rates and changes in how Americans work. On the surface, these risks may seem particularly concerning for small and regional banks, which tend to hold large concentrations of loans backed by commercial properties. However, we show that CRE risks can vary substantially across property types and geographic locations, suggesting that aggregate CRE exposure may be a poor measure of risk.
Economic Bulletin

Journal Article
KC Fed LMCI Suggests Recent Inflation Is Not Due to the Tight Labor Market
Glover, Andrew; Mustre-del-Rio, Jose; Pollard, Emily (2021-10-20)
A tight labor market tends to raise wages and lower unemployment, but an overly tight labor market can cause inflation. Labor market momentum, as measured by the Kansas City Fed Labor Market Conditions Indicators (LMCI), can signal whether the current level of activity in labor markets is inflationary.
Economic Bulletin , Issue October 20, 2021 , Pages 4

Journal Article
Labor Market Cooling Has Been Uneven Across Industries
Dilts Stedman, Karlye; Pollard, Emily (2025-01-31)
The U.S. labor market has cooled over the last two years but remains healthy overall. However, an industry-specific version of the KC Fed’s Labor Market Conditions Indicators (LMCI) suggests pockets of tightness and weakness have appeared in a few industries. Tightness appears to be limited to less labor-intensive industries, limiting upside risk to inflation. Weakness, on the other hand, has appeared in the interest-rate-sensitive information industry, which may be vulnerable to further labor market cooling.
Economic Bulletin

Journal Article
Downtown Office Use Has Declined, but Some Metropolitan Areas Are Faring Better than Others
Rappaport, Jordan (2024-03-25)
Hybrid working has cut demand for office space, especially in the downtowns of medium and large metropolitan areas. However, the degree of this decline has varied considerably across metropolitan downtowns, with demand remaining solid in many.
Economic Bulletin

Journal Article
Dampened Demand for Bank Loans Reflects Supply Bottlenecks, Not a Weakness in the Recovery
Sharma, Padma; Dice, Jacob (2022-04-22)
Throughout the pandemic, banks have experienced weak business loan demand. Although banks expectdemand to grow as the worst of the pandemic wanes and the economy recovers, loan demand mayremain weak in some industries due to persistent supply chain bottlenecks.
Economic Bulletin , Issue April 22, 2022 , Pages 4

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