Journal Article
Leisure and Hospitality Sector’s Recovery Complicated by Delta Variant
Gascon, Charles S.; Jefferson, Nathan; Werner, Devin (2021-10-04)
Shutdowns early in the pandemic primarily affected the Eighth Federal Reserve District’s leisure and hospitality sector, but its recovery could be complicated by the delta variant.
The Regional Economist

Journal Article
How Many People Does It Take to Start a Company?
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-07-07)
The average number of employees at startups has declined over the past several years.
The Regional Economist , Volume 28 , Issue 2

Journal Article
Inflation, Part 3: What Is the Fed’s Current Goal? Has the Fed Met Its Inflation Mandate?
Garriga, Carlos; Werner, Devin (2022-09-02)
Despite recent inflationary pressures, the Fed has historically done a good job maintaining inflation close to 2%.
Economic Synopses , Issue 25 , Pages 1-3

What Are Financial Market Stress Indexes Showing?
Kliesen, Kevin L.; McCracken, Michael W.; Trần, Ngân; Werner, Devin (2022-05-24)
The St. Louis Fed’s financial stress index is diverging from others. The reason appears to be the result of a switch to a new interest rate used to help calculate the index.
On the Economy

Journal Article
Inflation, Part 1: What Is it, Exactly?
Werner, Devin; Garriga, Carlos (2022-06-21)
Inflation measures the rate of change of a price index over time.
Economic Synopses , Issue 15 , Pages 1-3

Journal Article
College Freshman Enrollment Drops during Pandemic
Leukhina, Oksana; Werner, Devin (2021-03-02)
First-time college enrollment declined significantly in 2020—a stark contrast with what traditionally happens during recessions.
The Regional Economist , Volume 29 , Issue 1

Journal Article
Inflation, Part 2: How Do We Construct and Choose an Index?
Garriga, Carlos; Werner, Devin (2022-06-22)
Both the CPI and the PCE price indexes measure the prices of consumer goods and services— but they differ in important ways.
Economic Synopses , Issue 16 , Pages 1-3

Firms Start with Fewer Employees over Last 25 Years
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-09-08)
The average new firm that is less than a year old had 20% fewer workers in 2019 than it did in 1994.
On the Economy

The Pandemic Dents College Attendance
Leukhina, Oksana; Werner, Devin (2021-02-22)
COVID-19 caused a sharp drop in college enrollment in the fall of 2020, driven almost entirely by the decline in first-time undergraduates.
On the Economy

Journal Article
Trends in Startups’ Share of Jobs in the U.S. and Eighth District
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-03-18)
Startups have been representing a smaller share of all jobs within the U.S. and Eighth District in recent years.
The Regional Economist , Volume 28 , Issue 1