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Conference Paper
Bank credit and economic activity
Working Paper
Presidential popularity, presidential policies
Working Paper
Borrowing restrictions and wealth constraints: implications for aggregate consumption
Recent empirical studies have found that consumption is more sensitive to current income than simple versions of the life-cycle, permanent income hypothesis would predict. The present paper studies a model in which the fraction of consumers exhibiting excess sensitivity is endogenously determined. The presence of income uncertainty and restrictions on borrowing are shown to generate a distribution of consumption across individuals which is consistent with the recent empirical evidence. The aggregate fraction of consumers facing a binding borrowing constraint is shown to exhibit positive ...
Working Paper
Inside money and monetary neutrality
This paper examines the interaction between the financial and real sectors of the economy within the framework of a stochastic, rational expectation model that distinguishes between inside and outside money. The model also can be used to study the impact of variations in the degree of intermediation, measured by the elasticity of bank deposit supply. In contrast to earlier work which emphasized confusion between monetary and real shocks, we focus on the role played by confusion between inside and outside money and temporary and permanent base money disturbances. Financial sector disturbances, ...
Working Paper
Testing intertemporal budget constraints: theory and applications to U. S. federal budget and current account deficits
Previous tests of intertemporal budget balance and present value relationships have generally assumed either a constant discount rate or a constant expected discount rate. Empirical applications of these tests to the study of U.S. government deficits have produced conflicting results. This paper extends this recent work by deriving a testable condition that is sufficient to ensure intertemporal budget balance as long as the expected discount rate is strictly positive. ; We use our test to ask whether the U.S. budget and current account deficits are sustainable. Using postwar annual data, we ...