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Discussion Paper
Solving nonlinear stochastic optimization and equilibrium problems backwards
In a stochastic equilibrium model some stochastic processes are usually exogenously given, while others are either chosen optimally by agents or emerge from market equilibrium conditions. When we simulate such a model, often we aim at studying the relations among variables in the model as we vary parameters of policy and of behavior of economic agents. We are no more certain (indeed often less certain) of what is reasonable or interesting behavior for the exogenous variables (some of which may be unobservable) than of the variables chosen by agents or fixed in markets. It turns out that if we ...
Report
When does a central bank’s balance sheet require fiscal support?
Using a simple general equilibrium model, we argue that it would be appropriate for a central bank with a large balance sheet composed of long-duration nominal assets to have access to, and be willing to ask for, support for its balance sheet by the fiscal authority. Otherwise its ability to control inflation may be at risk. This need for balance sheet support?a within-government transaction?is distinct from the need for fiscal backing of inflation policy that arises even in models where the central bank?s balance sheet is merged with that of the rest of the government.
Working Paper
MCMC method for Markov mixture simultaneous-equation models: a note
This paper extends the methods developed by Hamilton (1989) and Chib (1996) to identified multiple-equation models. It details how to obtain Bayesian estimation and inference for a class of models with different degrees of time variation and discusses both analytical and computational difficulties.
Discussion Paper
Models and their uses
It is argued that economists ought to recognize that modeling in different styles will be appropriate for different purposes or different stages in the development of an area of economics. As an example, the paper displays simulations of a stochastic general equilibrium model which shed light on the interpretation of widely discussed small macroeconomic vector autoregressive models connecting monetary variables to output and prices.
Working Paper
Error bands for impulse responses
We examine the theory and behavior in practice of Bayesian and bootstrap methods for generating error bands on impulse responses in dynamic linear models. The Bayesian intervals have a firmer theoretical foundation in small samples, are easier to compute, and are about as good in small samples by classical criteria as are the best bootstrap intervals. Bootstrap intervals based directly on the simulated small-sample distribution of an estimator, without bias correction, perform very badly. We show that a method that has been used to extend to the overidentified case standard algorithms for ...
Conference Paper
Inflation expectations, uncertainty, the Phillips curve, and monetary policy
As with many important theories, the long run value of Phillips curve theories may lie in the new flames that are emerging from its dying embers.
Conference Paper
Fiscal consequences for Mexico of adopting the dollar
Conference Paper
Macroeconomic switching
We discuss the results of fitting a 6-variable structural VAR in which we allow for certain types of parameter variation over time. Allowing structural equation variances to change over time is extremely important in improving fit. Allowing the coefficients that define the model?s dynamics to change is less important to improving fit, though models with changing parameters are consistent with the data. We pay special attention to a version of the model that allows the monetary policy rule, but not other parts of the model, to show changing coefficients. Results from this model fit some ...
Discussion Paper
Understanding unit rooters: a helicopter tour
Journal Article
Inflation and growth - commentary