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Journal Article
Snapshot: Employers' E-Verify Use Slows Growth of Unauthorized Workforce
Zavodny, Madeline; Orrenius, Pia M. (2017-07)
Southwest Economy , Issue Q3 , Pages 20-20

Journal Article
Shoring up water supply, curbing demand key to Texas’ future growth
Dixon, Ethan; Leigh, Robert; Orrenius, Pia M. (2025-04-16)
Funding for water infrastructure improvements has emerged as a priority for the Legislature during its 2025 legislative session. Absent changes to policy, Texans could face significant water shortages during droughts and constraints on future growth and economic development.
Southwest Economy

Journal Article
Spotlight: Texas employment : gains aren’t simply a low-wage jobs story
Orrenius, Pia M.; Bi, Yingda (2011-10)
Amid reports of the nation?s weak economic recovery, high unemployment and slow job growth, attention has turned to Texas, the only large state on track to surpass its prerecession peak employment by year-end. Since the U.S. recession concluded in 2009, Texas employment has grown 3.3 percent, compared with 0.6 percent for the rest of the states.[1] Texas added 827,000 jobs, an 8.7 percent increase, between 2001 and 2010 and expanded in every category except manufacturing, information and construction. The nation lost 2.8 million jobs during that period, a 2.3 percent decline.
Southwest Economy , Issue Q4 , Pages 15

Texas Economy Keeps Growing Despite More Pessimistic Outlook
Slijk, Christopher; Orrenius, Pia M.; Smith, Chloe N. (2019-09-26)
The regional economy is growing at a moderate pace, and labor markets remain tight. However, the outlook among Texas firms has deteriorated due to concern about tariffs, trade policy uncertainty and slowing global growth.
Dallas Fed Economics

Working Paper
Do remittances boost economic development? Evidence from Mexican states
Orrenius, Pia M.; Coronado, Roberto; Cañas, Jesus; Zavodny, Madeline (2010)
Remittances have been promoted as a development tool because they can raise incomes and reduce poverty rates in developing countries. Remittances may also promote development by providing funds that recipients can spend on education or health care or invest in entrepreneurial activities. From a macroeconomic perspective, remittances can boost aggregate demand and thereby GDP as well as spur economic growth. However, remittances may also have adverse macroeconomic impacts by increasing income inequality and reducing labor supply among recipients. We use state-level data from Mexico during ...
Working Papers , Paper 1007

Working Paper
Unauthorized Mexican Workers in the United States: Recent Inflows and Possible Future Scenarios
Zavodny, Madeline; Orrenius, Pia M. (2017-01-02)
The U.S. economy has long relied on immigrant workers, many of them unauthorized, yet estimates of the inflow of unauthorized workers and the determinants of that inflow are hard to come by. This paper provides estimates of the number of newly arriving unauthorized workers from Mexico, the principal source of unauthorized immigrants to the United States, and examines how the inflow is related to U.S. and Mexico economic conditions. Our estimates suggest that annual inflows of unauthorized workers averaged about 170,000 during 1996-2014 but were much higher before the economic downturn that ...
Working Papers , Paper 1701

Working Paper
Does immigration affect wages? A look at occupation-level evidence
Zavodny, Madeline; Orrenius, Pia M. (2003)
Previous research has reached mixed conclusions about whether higher levels of immigration reduce the wages of natives. This paper reexamines this question using data from the Current Population Survey and the Immigration and Naturalization Service and focuses on differential effects by skill level. Using occupation as a proxy for skill, the authors find that an increase in the fraction of workers in an occupation group who are foreign born tends to lower the wages of low-skilled natives-particularly after controlling for endogeneity-but does not have a negative effect among skilled natives.
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2003-2

Journal Article
Spotlight: Pandemic Pushes Texas Minority Unemployment Beyond Highs Reached During Great Recession
Orrenius, Pia M.; Crocker, Carlee (2021)
Recessions are hardest on minorities; the COVID-19 downturn is no different in that regard. More than half of Texas’ population is Hispanic or Black and the consequences are far-reaching if those groups lag behind economically.
Southwest Economy , Issue First Quarter

Journal Article
Spotlight: out of the shadows: worker pay, benefits could rise with immigration law revamp
Zavodny, Madeline; Orrenius, Pia M.; Weiss, Michael (2013-01)
Southwest Economy , Issue Q1 , Pages 15-15

Not Everything Is Bigger in Texas: The Varied Fortunes of Four Smaller Metros
Weiss, Michael; Assanie, Laila; Orrenius, Pia M. (2019-02-21)
While Texas’ major metropolitan areas power the bulk of the state’s commercial activity, some smaller metros have worked to establish their place as part of the state’s economic mosaic.
Dallas Fed Economics

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