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Working Paper
Does immigration affect wages? A look at occupation-level evidence
Orrenius, Pia M.; Zavodny, Madeline (2003)
Previous research has reached mixed conclusions about whether higher levels of immigration reduce the wages of natives. This paper reexamines this question using data from the Current Population Survey and the Immigration and Naturalization Service and focuses on differential effects by skill level. Using occupation as a proxy for skill, the authors find that an increase in the fraction of workers in an occupation group who are foreign born tends to lower the wages of low-skilled natives-particularly after controlling for endogeneity-but does not have a negative effect among skilled natives.
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2003-2

Journal Article
Is the system failing when hard work, education not enough?
Orrenius, Pia M. (2026-04-10)
Gary Hoover, author of "Ladder or Lottery: Economic Promises and the Reality of Who Gets Ahead," discusses why some people who follow the rules for getting ahead instead fall behind.
Southwest Economy

Journal Article
Podcast: Lagging productivity gains restrain Mexico’s economic prospects
Orrenius, Pia M. (2024-05-20)
Investment, a large labor pool and proximity to the United States have helped propel Mexico’s economic fortunes. Dallas Fed economists Sewon Hur and Pia Orrenius discuss how improving productivity could propel Mexico beyond the ranks of middle-income nations.
Southwest Economy

Working Paper
Coyote crossings: the role of smugglers in illegal immigration and border enforcement
Haslag, Joseph H.; Guzman, Mark G.; Orrenius, Pia M. (2002)
Illegal immigration and border enforcement in the United States have increased concomitantly for over thirty years. One interpretation is that U.S. border policies have been ineffective. We offer an alternative view, extending the current immigration-enforcement literature by incorporating both the practice of people smuggling and a role for non-wage income into a two-country, dynamic general equilibrium model. We state conditions under which two steady state equilibria exist: one with a low level of capital, but relatively little migration. We then analyze two shocks: a positive technology ...
Working Papers , Paper 0201

Journal Article
Water restrictions, conservation a 24/7 routine in Abilene and the Big Country
Orrenius, Pia M. (2025-04-18)
Steve Estes, the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service agent for Taylor County, offers his perspective on how ranchers, farmers and city dwellers can collectively work to ensure that the area makes the best decisions regarding precious water resources.
Southwest Economy

Journal Article
Cattle ranchers have no beef with sizzling prices as consumers keep buying
Orrenius, Pia M. (2024-08-05)
David Anderson, professor and extension economist with the Department of Agricultural Economics at Texas A&M University, discusses what’s driving cattle and beef prices from feedlots in the Texas Panhandle to supermarkets at a time when the size of the overall U.S. herd is at a more-than six-decade low.
Southwest Economy

Working Paper
The Effect of Immigration on Business Dynamics and Employment
Orrenius, Pia M.; Abraham, Alexander T.; Zavodny, Madeline (2020-02-28)
Immigration, like any positive labor supply shock, should increase the return to capital and spur business investment. These changes should have a positive impact on business creation and expansion, particularly in areas that receive large immigrant inflows. Despite this clear prediction, there is sparse empirical evidence on the effect of immigration on business dynamics. One reason may be data unavailability since public-access firm-level data are rare. This study examines the impact of immigration on business dynamics and employment by combining U.S. data on immigrant inflows from the ...
Working Papers , Paper 2004

Conference Paper
Migration, trade, and development: an overview
Osang, Thomas; Orrenius, Pia M.; Hollifield, James F. (2006)
Simple, neoclassical economic models predict that prices should drive factors such as labor and capital across regions and countries toward their most valuable use. As this happens, developing countries, which are typically labor-rich and capital-scarce, should experience more rapid growth, higher income, and eventually convergence to industrial world levels of well-being. This process is happening slowly in some cases, but in other cases not at all. Do migration and trade speed this convergence? If so, how? If not, why?
Proceedings

Journal Article
Texas' Latino pay gaps: taking a closer look
Kerr, Emily; Zavodny, Madeline; Orrenius, Pia M. (2010-01)
Latino workers in Texas are on the short end of two pay gaps. They earn substantially lower wages than the state's non-Hispanic white workers. They also earn less than Latinos working in other parts of the U.S.
Southwest Economy , Issue Q1 , Pages 10-13

Working Paper
The effect of minimum wages on immigrants' employment and earnings
Zavodny, Madeline; Orrenius, Pia M. (2008)
This study examines how minimum wage laws affect the employment and earnings of low-skilled immigrants and natives in the U.S. Minimum wage increases might have larger effects among low-skilled immigrants than among natives because, on average, immigrants earn less than natives due to lower levels of education, limited English skills, and less social capital. Results based on data from the Current Population Survey for the years 1994?2005 do not indicate that minimum wages have adverse employment effects among adult immigrants or natives who did not complete high school. However, low-skilled ...
Working Papers , Paper 0805

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