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Journal Article
What Can Be Done to Promote Black Entrepreneurship?
Black men and women are less likely to become entrepreneurs than their white peers. What could help address this disparity?
Retirements Surge for Older Workers during COVID-19
Though retirement decisions vary by different age groups, the COVID-19 pandemic increased retirement rates for those age 66 and older.
Working Paper
Shipping Prices and Import Price Inflation
During the pandemic there have been unprecedented increases in the cost of shipping goods accompanied by delays and backlogs at the ports. At the same time, import price inflation has reached levels unseen since the early 1980s. This has led many to speculate that the two trends are linked. In this article, we use new data on the price of shipping goods between countries to analyze the extent to which increases in the price of shipping can account for the increase in U.S. import price inflation. We find that the pass-through of shipping costs is small. Nevertheless, because the rise in ...
Journal Article
Income Segregation and Income Inequality
This essay examines the relationship between income inequality and income segregation in the 100 largest cities in the United States.
Tracking Wage Inflation in Real Time
High-frequency wage data from private sources, such as Homebase, can provide timely insight into the current state of U.S. wage inflation.
Journal Article
Childhood Income Volatility
Rising volatility in family income suggests that government efforts such as the monthly payment of the child tax credit may be appropriate.
Journal Article
The Effect of COVID-19 Immigration Restrictions on Post-Pandemic Labor Market Tightness
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were unprecedented shortfalls in immigration. Concurrently, as the economy recovered, the labor market became tight, with the number of vacancies per unemployed worker reaching two, more than twice its pre-pandemic average. In this article, we investigate whether these two trends are connected. We find no evidence to support the hypothesis that the immigration shortfalls caused the tight labor market, for two main reasons. First, while the immigration deficit peaked at about two million workers, this number had largely recovered by February 2022, just as ...
SNAP Benefits and the Volatility of Food Spending
Food spending is more volatile for families enrolled in SNAP than for families with similar incomes but not enrolled in the federal nutrition program.
Journal Article
Inflation and Shipping Costs
Imports that are more reliant on ocean freight have seen higher import price inflation since the start of the pandemic.
Immigration and U.S. Labor Market Tightness: Is There a Link?
An analysis of survey data finds no direct correlation between pandemic-related interruptions to immigration and continued labor market tightness.