Search Results
Journal Article
Oil prices: backward to the future?
A useful first guess about the future spot price of a commodity is usually found in its current futures price. But it doesn?t work that way when the commodity in question is oil. This Commentary explains why the characteristics of oil, particularly the value it can offer its owner by remaining in the ground, cloud the information that oil futures prices give about future oil prices.
Working Paper
Option prices, exchange market intervention, and the higher moment expectations channel: a user’s guide
A vast literature on the effects of sterilized intervention by the monetary authorities in the foreign exchange markets concludes that intervention systematically moves the spot exchange rate only if it is publicly announced, coordinated across countries, and consistent with the underlying stance of fiscal and monetary policy. Over the past fifteen years, researchers have also attempted to determine if intervention has any effects on the dispersion and directionality of market views concerning the future exchange rate. These studies usually focus on the variance around the expected future ...
Journal Article
The Chinese renminbi: what’s real, what’s not
China's recent devaluation and liberalization of its exchange-rate policies will, at best, have only a temporary impact on its trade competitiveness with the United States. The type of exchange-rate regime that a country adopts matters little for its long-term international competitiveness. In addition, the recent focus on China's exchange rate diverts attention from the real problem: China?s command economy.
Journal Article
Nondeliverable forwards: can we tell where the renminbi is headed?
Since the early 1990s, international banks have been offering nondeliverable forward (NDF) contracts to clients who need to hedge exposures in currencies of emerging-market economies. Many also use the exchange rate on these contracts as a best guess of where the emerging-market currency is headed. The exchange rates on NDFs, however, likely embody a substantial risk premium that interferes with forecasting accuracy.
Working Paper
Did the 2017 Tax Reform Discriminate against Blue State Voters?
The Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) made significant changes to corporate and personal federal income taxation, including limiting the SALT (state and local property, income and sales taxes) deductibility to $10,000. States with high SALT tend to vote Democratic. This paper estimates the differential effect of the TCJA on red- and blue-state taxpayers and investigates the importance of the SALT limitation to this differential. We calculate the effect of permanent implementation of the TCJA on households using The Fiscal Analyzer: a life-cycle, consumption-smoothing program incorporating ...
Working Paper
Forecasting China's Economic Growth and Inflation
Although macroeconomic forecasting forms an integral part of the policymaking process, there has been a serious lack of rigorous and systematic research in the evaluation of out-of-sample model-based forecasts of China's real gross domestic product (GDP) growth and consumer price index inflation. This paper fills this research gap by providing a replicable forecasting model that beats a host of other competing models when measured by root mean square errors, especially over long-run forecast horizons. The model is shown to be capable of predicting turning points and usable for policy analysis ...
Journal Article
FOMC communications and the predictability of near-term policy decisions
In February 1994, the FOMC began a new era in transparency, gradually building a communications apparatus that conveys information about the Committee?s decisions and expectations. Has the new apparatus improved the public?s ability to predict FOMC interest rate decisions? New research based on the prices of fed funds futures shows that over the past decade, it has, especially over horizons of two to three months.
Working Paper
Assessing the Role of Global Demand and Supply Shocks in the Recent US Inflation Experience Using a Cross-Country Panel Dataset of Professional Forecasts
Although there have been a range of studies investigating the role and importance of global supply and demand shocks in US inflation developments during and since the pandemic, this study uses a heretofore unused dataset for this purpose: a quarterly panel of professional forecasts from Consensus Economics. We use real-time data with daily vintage snapshots since 2005 from the Federal Reserve Board of Governors FAME database to disentangle forecast errors from revisions and to exploit the monthly frequency and partial availability of CPI inflation and industrial production. Our measures of ...
Challenges in Nowcasting GDP Growth
Real gross domestic product (GDP) declined at an annualized rate of 4.8 percent in the first quarter, according to the first estimate from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 3.8 percentage points more than the decline anticipated by the Atlanta Fed's final GDPNow model projection. Why was the error, which was easily the model's largest on record for final GDPNow forecasts, so big? Chart 1 looks at GDPNow's forecast errors since the model went live in mid-2014 and breaks them down into forecast errors for the various subcomponents' contributions to GDP growth.