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Working Paper
Changes in Prudential Policy Instruments ---- A New Cross-Country Database
This paper documents the features of a new database that focuses on changes in the intensity in the usage of several widely used prudential tools, taking into account both macro-prudential and microprudential objectives. The database coverage is broad, spanning 64 countries, and with quarterly data for the period 2000Q1 through 2014Q4. The five types of prudential instruments in the database are: capital buffers, interbank exposure limits, concentration limits, loan to value (LTV) ratio limits, and reserve requirements. A total of nine prudential tools are constructed since some useful ...
Working Paper
Financial Crises and the Composition of Cross-Border Lending
We examine the composition and drivers of cross-border bank lending between 1995 and 2012, distinguishing between syndicated and non-syndicated loans. We show that on-balance sheet syndicated loan exposures, which account for almost one third of total cross-border loan exposures, increased during the global financial crisis due to large drawdowns on credit lines extended before the crisis. Our empirical analysis of the drivers of cross-border loan exposures in a large bilateral dataset leads to three main results. First, banks with lower levels of capital favor syndicated over other kinds of ...
Discussion Paper
A Note on the New Credit Union Estimates in the G.19 "Consumer Credit" Statistical Release
Credit unions provide a significant share—approximately 14 percent—of consumer debt. As of 2025:Q1, consumer credit provided by credit unions was measured at over $716 billion in the G.19 Statistical Release, "Consumer Credit," a Principal Federal Economic Indicator produced by the Federal Reserve Board.
Discussion Paper
A Note on the Removal of the Nonfinancial Business Sector in the G.19 "Consumer Credit" Statistical Release
The G.19 "Consumer Credit" Statistical Release reports outstanding credit extended to individuals, excluding loans secured by real estate, across multiple types of lenders that include depository institutions, finance companies, credit unions, federal government, nonprofit and educational institutions, and nonfinancial business. Starting with the May 2025 G.19, released on July 8, 2025, the estimates for the nonfinancial business sector are decommissioned and removed from the G.19.