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Discussion Paper
The Tools and Transmission of Federal Reserve Monetary Policy in the 1920s
Carlson, Mark A.; Duygan-Bump, Burcu
(2016-11-22)
This note describes the tools used by the Federal Reserve (Fed) to implement monetary policy in the 1920s and the degree to which changes in these tools were transmitted to private money markets. In doing so, we hope to provide some historical perspective to the renewed debate around monetary policy frameworks and toolkits.
FEDS Notes
, Paper 2016-11-22
Journal Article
Profits and balance sheet developments at U.S. commercial banks in 2001
Carlson, Mark A.; Bassett, William F.
(2002-06)
Despite the economic slowdown, the profitability of the U.S. commercial banking industry remained high in 2001. Although the weak economy contributed to a sharp rise in provisions for loan and lease losses, those losses were offset in large part by an advance in realized gains on investment account securities as banks' portfolios benefited from declining short- and intermediate-term market interest rates. Profits were also supported by reductions in noninterest expense, as large merger-related charges in 2000 were not repeated last year. Lower short-term interest rates also spurred a rapid ...
Federal Reserve Bulletin
, Volume 88
, Issue Jun
Working Paper
Determinants and repercussions of the composition of capital inflows
Carlson, Mark A.; Hernandez, Leonardo
(2002)
The Mexican, Asian, and Russian crises of the mid- and late 1990s have renewed the interest among policymakers in the determinants and effects of private capital flows. This paper analyzes whether policies can affect the composition of capital inflows and whether different compositions aggravate crises. We find that, while fundamentals matter, capital controls can affect the mix of capital inflows that countries receive. We find that during the Asian crisis countries with more Yen denominated debt faired worse, while during the Mexican crisis larger short-term debt stocks increased the ...
International Finance Discussion Papers
, Paper 717
Working Paper
Fed Repo Operations and Dealer Intermediation
Carlson, Mark A.; Saravay, Zack; Tian, Mary
(2025-07-14)
We examine how primary dealers utilized repo operations conducted by the Federal Reserve from September 2019 until May 2020 and how usage affected dealer borrowing and lending. Using daily dealer-level supervisory data, we find that during normal market conditions, dealers primarily used Fed repo to expand their total repo borrowing and on-lent much of this funding to a broad variety of counterparties. However, during market stress in March 2020, dealers used Fed repo as a substitute for funding from other counterparties and focused their on-lending to affiliated counterparties. Moreover, ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2025-052
Discussion Paper
Matching Banks by Business Model, Geography and Size : A Dataset
Warusawitharana, Missaka; Carlson, Mark A.; Shatto, Molly
(2017-08-08)
In this note, we describe an algorithm, developed in Carlson, Shan, and Warusawitharana (2013), to match banks that are geographically close and are similar in size and business model. Concurrently, we also release a data set of matched banks obtained from applying this algorithm from 1998 to 2014, as well as some of the associated computer programs.
FEDS Notes
, Paper 2017-08-08
Journal Article
A New Daily Federal Funds Rate Series and History of the Federal Funds Market, 1928-54
Wheelock, David C.; Hanes, Christopher; Anbil, Sriya; Carlson, Mark A.
(2021-01-14)
This article describes the origins and development of the federal funds market from its inception in the 1920s to the early 1950s. We present a newly digitized daily data series on the federal funds rate from April 1928 through June 1954. We compare the behavior of the funds rate with other money market interest rates and the Federal Reserve discount rate. Our federal funds rate series will enhance the ability of researchers to study an eventful period in U.S. financial history and better understand how monetary policy was transmitted to banking and financial markets. For the 1920s-30s, our ...
Review
, Volume 103
, Issue 1
, Pages 45-70
Working Paper
Issues in the Use of the Balance Sheet Tool
D'Amico, Stefania; Carlson, Mark A.; Wood, Paul R.; Fuentes-Albero, Cristina; Schlusche, Bernd
(2020-08-27)
This paper considers various ways of using balance sheet policy (BSP) to provide monetary policy stimulus, including the BSPs put in place by the Federal Reserve in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, the choice between fixed-size and flow-based asset purchase programs, policies targeting interest rate levels rather than the quantity of asset purchases, and programs aimed at increasing more direct lending to households and firms. For each of these BSP options, we evaluate benefits and costs. We conclude by observing that BSPs’ relative effectiveness and thus optimal configuration will ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2020-071
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