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Discussion Paper
Do Landlords Respond to Wage Policy? Estimating the Minimum Wage Effect on Apartment Rent Prices
Minimum wage policies in the United States have lifted real earnings for workers around the low end of the income distribution (Dube, 2019) and thus may alleviate some of the financial stress felt by low-wage renters (Mateyka and Yoo, 2023). However, landlords, potentially facing a boost to local housing demand, may be able to capture some portion of these earnings' gains by raising rents, mitigating welfare benefits for affected workers.
Discussion Paper
Flexing the Factory? The Role of Temporary Help Workers in Manufacturing
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for flexible work arrangements has notably increased, driven by the need for adaptability in the face of disruptions caused by lockdowns, work-from-home mandates, economic uncertainty, and supply chain shortages. The surge in demand for flexibility could have also provided a boost to the temporary help services industry (NAICS 56132), which provides businesses with temporary workers on a contractual basis.
Discussion Paper
Trade Compliance at What Cost? Lessons from USMCA Automotive Trade
U.S. trade policy shifted dramatically in 2025—the average effective tariff rate increased from 2.3 percent in 2024 to 13.1 percent as of June 13, 2025. This dramatic rise in tariffs reflects increases for a wide variety of products across all trading partners. Along with widespread tariff increases, however, U.S. importers now face additional compliance costs to conform with increasingly complex trade regulations and reporting obligations.