Discussion Paper

Costs of Rising Uncertainty


Abstract: At many times over the past five years, uncertainty regarding economic and financial conditions, geopolitical risks, and policy outcomes has been remarkably elevated. Since 2019, selected measures of these uncertainties for the United States, shown in figure 1, have reached their highest levels in decades, with the latest surge coming from economic and trade policy uncertainty (EPU and TPU, respectively).

https://doi.org/10.17016/2380-7172.3779

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Bibliographic Information

Provider: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)

Part of Series: FEDS Notes

Publication Date: 2025-04-24

Number: 2025-04-24-1