Working Paper
The Active Role of the Natural Rate of Unemployment during Cyclical Recoveries
Abstract: We propose that the natural rate of unemployment has an active role in the business cycle, in contrast to the prevailing view that the rate is essentially constant. We demonstrate that this tendency to treat the natural rate as near-constant would explain the surprisingly low slope of the Phillips curve. We show that the natural rate closely tracked the actual rate during the long recovery that began in 2009 and ended in 2020. We explain how the common finding of research in the Phillips-curve framework of low-often extremely low-response of inflation to unemployment could be the result of fairly close tracking of the natural rate and the actual rate in recoveries. Our interpretation of the data contrasts to that of most Phillips-curve studies, that conclude that inflation has little relation to unemployment. We suggest that the at Phillips curve is an illusion caused by assuming that the natural rate of unemployment has little or no movement during recoveries.
Keywords: business cycles; recoveries; unemployment; recessions; monetary policy; natural rate of unemployment; NAIRU; inflation; anchor;
JEL Classification: E32; J63; J64;
https://doi.org/10.24148/wp2023-33
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Provider: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
Part of Series: Working Paper Series
Publication Date: 2023-11-03
Number: 2023-33
Note: Kudlyak presented some material from this paper as a part of her Alejandro Justiniano memorial keynote address at the annual Federal Reserve System Macroeconomics meeting, November 9 and 10, 2021.