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Working Paper
Committing to Grow: Privatizations and Firm Dynamics in East Germany
Akcigit, Ufuk; Alp, Harun; Diegmann, André; Serrano-Velarde, Nicolas (2023-11-07)
This paper investigates a unique policy designed to maintain employment during the privatization of East German firms after the fall of the Iron Curtain. The policy required new owners of the firms to commit to employment targets, with penalties for non-compliance. Using a dynamic model, we highlight three channels through which employment targets impact firms: distorted employment decisions, increased productivity, and higher exit rates. Our empirical analysis, using a novel dataset and instrumental variable approach, confirms these findings. We estimate a 22% points higher annual employment ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1382

Working Paper
Does Scale Matter in Community Bank Performance? Evidence Obtained by Applying Several New Measures of Performance
Hughes, Joseph P.; Moon, Choon-Geol; Jagtiani, Julapa; Mester, Loretta J. (2018-03-13)
SUPERSEDES WP16-15 We consider how size matters for banks in three size groups: banks with assets of less than $1 billion (small community banks), banks with assets between $1 billion and $10 billion (large community banks), and banks with assets between $10 billion and $50 billion (midsize banks). Community banks have potential advantages in relationship lending compared with large banks. However, increases in regulatory compliance and technological burdens may have disproportionately increased community banks? costs, raising concerns about small businesses? access to credit. Our evidence ...
Working Papers , Paper 18-11

Report
Income Inequality and Job Creation
Doerr, Sebastian; Lee, Donggyu; Drechsel, Thomas (2022-06-01)
We propose a novel channel through which rising income inequality affects job creation and macroeconomic outcomes. High-income households save relatively more in stocks and bonds but less in bank deposits. A rising top income share thereby increases the relative financing costs for bank-dependent firms, which in turn create fewer jobs. Exploiting variation across U.S. states and an IV strategy, we provide evidence for the channel. Calibrating a general equilibrium model to our cross-regional estimates, we show that rising inequality increases the employment share of large firms, reduces the ...
Staff Reports , Paper 1021

Working Paper
Is Bigger Necessarily Better in Community Banking?
Jagtiani, Julapa; Mester, Loretta J.; Hughes, Joseph P. (2016-06-10)
SIPERSEDED BY WP 18-11 We investigate the relative performance of publicly traded community banks (those with assets less than $10 billion) versus larger banks (those with assets between $10 billion and $50 billion). A body of research has shown that community banks have potential advantages in relationship lending compared with large banks, although newer research suggests that these advantages may be shrinking. In addition, the burdens placed on community banks by the regulatory reforms mandated by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the need to increase ...
Working Papers , Paper 16-15

Journal Article
Profits and balance sheet developments at U.S. commercial banks in 2007
Bassett, William F.; King, Thomas B. (2008-06)
Reviews recent developments in the balance sheets and in the profitability of U.S. commercial banks. The article discusses how developments in the U.S. banking industry in 2007 and early 2008 were related to changes in financial markets and in the broader economy.
Federal Reserve Bulletin , Volume 94 , Issue Jun , Pages A1-A39

Working Paper
Market exposure and endogenous firm volatility over the business cycle
D'Erasmo, Pablo; Moscoso Boedo, Herman J.; Decker, Ryan A. (2014-03-24)
First Draft: November 1, 2011 We propose a theory of endogenous firm-level volatility over the business cycle based on endogenous market exposure. Firms that reach a larger number of markets diversify market-specific demand risk at a cost. The model is driven only by total factor productivity shocks and captures the business cycle properties of firm-level volatility. Using a panel of U.S. firms (Compustat), we empirically document the countercyclical nature of firm-level volatility. We then match this panel to Compustat?s Segment data and the U.S. Census?s Longitudinal Business Database (LBD) ...
Working Papers , Paper 14-12

Journal Article
How Well Does Agency Theory Explain Executive Compensation?
Gayle, George-Levi; Li, Chen; Miller, Robert A. (2018)
As the share of all income going to the top 1 percent has risen over the past four decades, so has the share of top incomes coming from labor income relative to capital income. The rise in labor income is mainly due to the explosion in executive compensation over the same period?mostly because of the increase in executives being paid with stocks, options, and bonuses. The principal-agent model explains the reason for such compensation instead of a flat salary. Yet hundreds of papers in economics, finance, accounting, and management have reached no consensus on whether executive compensation ...
Review , Volume 100 , Issue 3 , Pages 201-36

Working Paper
Is Bigger Necessarily Better in Community Banking?
Jagtiani, Julapa; Mester, Loretta J.; Hughes, Joseph P. (2016-06-29)
We investigate the relative performance of publicly traded community banks (those with assets less than $10 billion) versus larger banks (those with assets between $10 billion and $50 billion). A body of research has shown that community banks have potential advantages in relationship lending compared with large banks, although newer research suggests that these advantages may be shrinking. In addition, the burdens placed on community banks by the regulatory reforms mandated by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the need to increase investment in technology, ...
Working Papers (Old Series) , Paper 1615

Journal Article
Financial services used by small businesses: evidence from the 2003 Survey of Small Business Finances
Wolken, John D.; Mach, Traci L. (2006-10)
Federal Reserve Bulletin , Volume 92 , Issue Oct

Journal Article
Profits and balance sheet developments at U.S. commercial banks in 2009
Rose, Jonathan D.; Lee, Seung Jung (2010-05)
Reviews recent developments in the balance sheets and in the profitability of U.S. commercial banks. The article discusses how developments in the U.S. banking industry in 2009 and early 2010 were related to changes in financial markets and in the broader economy.
Federal Reserve Bulletin , Volume 96 , Issue May , Pages A1-37

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