Journal Article
COVID-19: Fiscal Implications and Financial Stability in Developing Countries
Grittayaphong, Praew; Restrepo-Echavarria, Paulina (2023-07-14)
The COVID-19 pandemic has been unlike any other crisis that we have experienced in that it hit all economies in the world at the same time, compromising the risk-sharing ability of nations. At the onset of the pandemic, the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) jointly pledged 1.16 trillion U.S. dollars to help emerging economies deal with COVID-19. Would this amount have been enough to preserve financial stability in a worst case scenario, and what were the fiscal implications of the pandemic? In this article we aim to answer these questions by documenting the size of the ...
Review , Volume 105 , Issue 3 , Pages 137-149

Military Expenditures: How Do the Top-Spending Nations Compare?
Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu; Grittayaphong, Praew (2023-01-03)
An analysis looks at how defense spending among the top six nations has changed since 1992, what has driven the changes and what it might mean for future spending.
On the Economy

Working Paper
COVID-19: fiscal implications and financial stability in developing countries
Grittayaphong, Praew; Restrepo-Echavarria, Paulina (2022-09-22)
The COVID-19 pandemic is unlike any other crisis that we have experienced in that it hit all economies in the world at the same time, compromising the risk sharing ability of nations. At the onset of the pandemic, the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) jointly pledged 1.16 trillion dollars to help emerging economies deal with COVID-19. Would this amount have been enough to preserve financial stability in a worst case scenario? What were the fiscal implications of the pandemic? In this paper we aim to answer these questions by documenting the size of the fiscal measures ...
Working Papers , Paper 2022-028

Bretton Woods and the Growth of the Eurodollar Market
Restrepo-Echavarria, Paulina; Grittayaphong, Praew (2022-01-20)
The postwar system of fixed exchange rates forced many countries to impose capital/currency controls. Banks created a loophole with the eurodollar.
On the Economy

St. Louis Fed Research Associates Discuss Work and Experiences
Bennett, Julie; Grittayaphong, Praew; Isaacson, Maggie (2022-04-26)
RAs help the St. Louis Fed’s staff of economists investigate topics ranging from productivity to unemployment.
On the Economy

Journal Article
Commercial Loans Rise Sharply during COVID-19 Pandemic
Gascon, Charles S.; Grittayaphong, Praew; Jefferson, Nathan (2021-06-24)
During the first several months of the COVID-19 pandemic, commercial lending increased as small businesses sought loans from the Paycheck Protection Program.
The Regional Economist

STEM Skills among Foreign-born Workers in the U.S.
Grittayaphong, Praew; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2020-12-10)
Census data show that college-educated foreign-born workers have a relatively larger presence in STEM occupations than those born in the U.S.
On the Economy

Journal Article
Immigrant Employment Patterns during the Pandemic
Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu; Grittayaphong, Praew (2022-05-11)
Immigrant employment in the U.S. appears to be returning to pre-COVID-19 levels following a disproportionally sharp decline early in the pandemic.
The Regional Economist

The Arms Trade and Its Bearing on the Russia-Ukraine War
Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu; Grittayaphong, Praew (2022-11-21)
The arms trade links nations through their security interests, and its current patterns may be complicating a political resolution of the Russia-Ukraine war.
On the Economy

Is a Soft Landing Possible? What the Beveridge Curve Reveals
Restrepo-Echavarria, Paulina; Grittayaphong, Praew (2023-09-01)
Adjusting the Beveridge curve to exclude the effect of workers switching jobs suggests that the vacancy rate could fall to pre-pandemic levels without causing the U.S. jobless rate to exceed a 2001-23 average.
On the Economy