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Working Paper
More on Middlemen: Equilibrium Entry and Efficiency in Intermediated Markets
Nosal, Ed; Wright, Randall; Wong, Yuet-Yee
(2014-11-01)
This paper generalizes Rubinstein and Wolinsky?s model of middlemen (intermediation) by incorporating production and search costs, plus more general matching and bargaining. This allows us to study many new issues, including entry, efficiency and dynamics. In the benchmark model, equilibrium exists uniquely, and involves production and intermediation for some parameters but not others. Sometimes intermediation is essential: the market operates iff middlemen are active. If bargaining powers are set correctly equilibrium is efficient; if not there can be too much or too little economic ...
Working Paper Series
, Paper WP-2014-18
Working Paper
The Dotcom Bubble and Underpricing: Conjectures and Evidence
Sampaio, Joelson Oliveira; Pinheiro, Roberto; de Carvalho, Antonio Gledson
(2016-12-21)
We provide conjectures for what caused the price spiral and the high underpricing of the dotcom bubble of 1999?2000. We raise two conjectures for the price spiral. First, given the uncertainty about the growth opportunities generated by the new technologies and their spillover effects across technology industries, investors saw the inflow of a large number of high-growth firms as a sign of high growth rates for the market as a whole. Second, investors interpreted the wave of highly underpriced IPOs as an opportunity to obtain gains by investing in newly public companies. The underpricing ...
Working Papers (Old Series)
, Paper 1633
Journal Article
An Elementary Model of VC Financing and Growth
Han, Pengfei; Greenwood, Jeremy; Sanchez, Juan M.; Inokuma, Hiroshi
(2023-01-20)
This article uses an endogenous growth model to study how the improvements in financing for innovative start-ups brought by venture capital (VC) affect firm innovation and growth. Partial equilibrium results show how lending contracts change as financing efficiency improves, while general equilibrium results show that better screening and development of projects by VC investors leads to higher aggregate productivity growth.
Review
, Volume 105
, Issue 1
, Pages 66-73
Report
Risk appetite and exchange Rates
Shin, Hyun Song; Etula, Erkko; Adrian, Tobias
(2009)
We present evidence that the growth of U.S.-dollar-denominated banking sector liabilities forecasts appreciations of the U.S. dollar, both in-sample and out-of-sample, against a large set of foreign currencies. We provide a theoretical foundation for a funding liquidity channel in a global banking model where exchange rates fluctuate as a function of banks? balance sheet capacity. We estimate prices of risk using a cross-sectional asset pricing approach and show that the U.S. dollar funding liquidity forecasts exchange rates because of its association with time-varying risk premia. Our ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 361
Working Paper
Information in Financial Markets : Who Gets It First?
Swem, Nathan
(2017-02)
I compare the timing of information acquisition among institutional investors and sell-side analysts, and I show that hedge fund trades predict the direction of subsequent analyst ratings change reports while other investors' trades do not. In addition, hedge funds reverse trades after analyst reports, while other investors follow the analysts. Finally, I show that hedge funds perform best among stocks with high analyst coverage. These results suggest that hedge funds have superior information acquisition skills, and that analysts assist hedge funds in exploiting information acquisition ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2017-023
Working Paper
Financing Ventures
Greenwood, Jeremy; Sanchez, Juan M.; Han, Pengfei
(2021-11)
The relationship between venture capital and growth is examined using an endogenous growth model incorporating dynamic contracts between entrepreneurs and venture capitalists. At each stage of financing, venture capitalists evaluate the viability of startups. If viable, venture capitalists provide funding for the next stage. The success of a project depends on the amount of funding. The model is confronted with stylized facts about venture capital: statistics by funding round concerning success rates, failure rates, investment rates, equity shares, and IPO values. The increased efficiency ...
Working Papers
, Paper 2017-035
Journal Article
Shadow banking
Ashcraft, Adam B.; Boesky, Hayley; Pozsar, Zoltan; Adrian, Tobias
(2013-12)
The rapid growth of the market-based financial system since the mid-1980s has changed the nature of financial intermediation. Within the system, ?shadow banks? have served a critical role, especially in the run-up to the recent financial crisis. Shadow banks are financial intermediaries that conduct maturity, credit, and liquidity transformation without explicit access to central bank liquidity or public sector credit guarantees. This article documents the institutional features of shadow banks, discusses the banks? economic roles, and analyzes their relation to the traditional banking ...
Economic Policy Review
, Issue Dec
, Pages 1-16
Report
Institutional affiliation and the role of venture capital: evidence from initial public offerings in Japan
Ritter, Jay; Hamao, Yasushi; Packer, Frank
(1997-11-01)
The presence of venture capital in the ownership structure of U.S. firms going public has been associated with both improved long-term performance and lower underpricing at the time of the IPOs. In Japan, we find the long-run performance of venture capital-backed IPOs to be no better than that of other IPOs, with the exception of firms backed by foreign owned or independent venture capitalists. Many of the major venture capital firms in Japan are subsidiaries of securities firms that may face a conflict of interest when underwriting the venture capital-backed issue. When venture capital ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 52
Report
Doing well by doing good? Community development venture capital
Kovner, Anna; Lerner, Joshua
(2012)
This paper examines the investments and performance of community development venture capital (CDVC). We find substantial differences between CDVC and traditional venture capital (VC) investments: CDVC investments are far more likely to be in nonmetropolitan regions and in regions with little prior venture capital activity. Moreover, CDVC is likely to be in earlier-stage investments and in industries outside the venture capital mainstream that have lower probabilities of successful exit. Even after we control for this unattractive transaction mix, the probability of a CDVC investment being ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 572
Report
Repo runs
Skeie, David R.; von Thadden, Ernst-Ludwig; Martin, Antoine
(2010-04-01)
The recent financial crisis has shown that short-term collateralized borrowing may be highly unstable in times of stress. The present paper develops a dynamic equilibrium model and shows that this instability can be a consequence of market-wide changes in expectations, but does not have to be. We derive a liquidity constraint and a collateral constraint that determine whether such expectations-driven runs are possible and show that they depend crucially on the microstructure of particular funding markets that we examine in detail. In particular, our model provides insights into the ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 444
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