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Working Paper
From Population Growth to TFP Growth
Sanchez, Juan M.; Inokuma, Hiroshi (2023-03-27)
Using a firm-dynamics model that has been extended to include endogenous growth, we examine how population growth influences total factor productivity (TFP) growth. The most important theoretical result is that the growth rate of surviving old businesses is a "sufficient statistic" to determine the direction and the magnitude of the impact of population growth on TFP growth. Following that, the model is calibrated for Japan and the United States. The main finding of examining balanced growth paths (BGPs) with various rates of population growth is that the effect on TFP growth is sizable. ...
Working Papers , Paper 2023-006

Working Paper
The Impact of the Age Distribution on Unemployment: Evidence from US States
Fallick, Bruce; Foote, Christopher L. (2022-10-18)
Economists have studied the potential effects of shifts in the age distribution on the unemployment rate for more than 50 years. Most of this analysis uses a "shift-share" method, which assumes that the demographic structure has no indirect effects on age-specific unemployment rates. This paper uses state-level data to revisit the influence of the age distribution on unemployment in the United States. We examine demographic effects across the entire age distribution rather than just the youth share of the population — the focus of most previous work — and extend the date range of analysis ...
Working Papers , Paper 22-27

Individuals, married couples respond differently to U.S. income tax changes
Borella, Margherita; De Nardi, Mariacristina; Pak, Michael; Russo, Nicolò; Yang, Fang (2024-11-19)
Changes in effective income taxes can impact labor supply with different outcomes for married couples and singles, and changes can have a particularly notable impact on married women.
Dallas Fed Economics

Journal Article
Demographic Disparities in COVID-19 Disruptions: What Has Shaped Them?
Gutkowski, Violeta A. (2023-10-02)
This article uses the Community Impact Survey implemented by the Federal Reserve System in 2021 to identify COVID-19 disruptions on low- to moderate-income communities. I find that communities that were primarily of Color were more likely to be significantly disrupted by COVID-19 than White communities. I also assess the importance of certain challenges, such as returning to work or unequal access to government relief, in shaping the observed demographic differences in disruption.
Review , Volume 105 , Issue 4 , Pages 261-279

Journal Article
Participatory Budgeting: Enhancing Community Reinvestment through Public Engagement
Hatcher, Desiree (2016)
Community engagement is not an easy task. This is especially true in communities with historically underrepresented and underserved populations who do not feel connected to the planning process. However, some municipalities across the country are finding success through the use of participatory budgeting.
Profitwise , Issue 3 , Pages 25-28

Discussion Paper
What Is the Outlook for China’s External Surplus?
Clark, Hunter L.; Higgins, Matthew (2022-10-17)
The sharp slowdown in China’s property sector has reignited debate over the country’s future role as a net provider of savings to the global economy. The debate revolves around whether a sustained decline in property investment will spur a long-term increase in China’s current account surplus, given the country’s high savings rate. However, China’s rapidly aging population presents opposing forces that complicate this story. The shift of a large share of its population from working life to retirement will reduce savings supply even as a shrinking labor force will reduce investment ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20221017

Discussion Paper
Which Workers Bear the Burden of Social Distancing Policies?
http://fedora:8080/fcrepo/rest/objects/authors/; Pilossoph, Laura; Mongey, Simon (2020-05-29)
In the wake of the coronavirus outbreak, nearly all U.S. states imposed social distancing policies to combat the spread of illness. To the extent that work can be done from home, some workers moved their offices to their abodes. Others, however, are unable to continue working as their usual tasks require a specific location or environment, or involve close proximity to others. Which types of jobs cannot be done from home and which types of jobs require close personal proximity to others? What share of overall U.S. employment falls in these categories? And, given that these jobs will be the ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20200529b

Report
Demographics of Wealth 2018, Essay No. 3: The Bigger They Are, The Harder They Fall: The Decline of the White Working Class
Emmons, William R.; Kent, Ana Hernández; Ricketts, Lowell R. (2018-09)
This essay explores the intersection of race, ethnicity and education, which we use as a proxy for class. We examine five measures of well-being between 1989 and 2016, the range spanned by the Federal Reserve's Survey of Consumer Finances.
Community Development Publications and Reports

Wealth Gaps between White, Black and Hispanic Families in 2019
Kent, Ana Hernández; Ricketts, Lowell R. (2021-01-05)
Across education, family structure and generations, gaps persist between the wealth of white families and that of Black and Hispanic families.
On the Economy

Working Paper
Household Consumption and Savings over the Life Cycle: The Roles of Demographics and Durables
Bairoliya, Neha; Chanda, Areendam; Fang, Jingyi; Yang, Fang (2025-10-14)
The canonical prediction of life-cycle models, that individuals smooth consumption over their lifetime, has been mostly tested for developed countries and found little empirical support. We provide a novel, developing country perspective by analyzing patterns of life-cycle consumption, income and savings rates in India. In contrast to the U.S., Indian households exhibit no growth in nondurable consumption expenditures after adjusting for family size. We present evidence that saving for lumpy investments in consumer durables is a key driver of high savings rates and flat nondurable consumption ...
Working Papers , Paper 2537

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